Tribe Pattern in the Mukhtar as-Sakafi Movement and the Role of Mawali

Mukhtar b. Abu Ubayd as-Sekafî started a Kufa-centered movement against the Zubayris and Umayyads in 685-686 by claiming that he was commissioned Muhammad B. Hanafiyah to “avenge Prophet Husayn protect oppressed”. Mukhtar’s movement, which succeeded short time took over Iraq, declined at same pace disappeared period of one half years. In this article, nature relationship developed tribes Kufa Iranian people is examined. Umayyads's removal Ali's children from power discrimination mawali increased dissatisfaction these two groups. designed his entire strategy fight enemies through supporters Ali mawali. The rhetoric agenda, “to avenge Hussein powerless,” appealed both At beginning received greatest support Arab tribes, majority whom were Yemenis. first, followers, initially who had taken distant attitude towards Mukhtar, actively supported convinced thanks there could be an improvement their socio-economic status they freed yoke tribes. turned martyrdom favor with subtle policy, managed capture Iraq-ı Ajam (Cibal) region al-Jazira except Basra Yemeni This owes its first success Kufa. Yemenis, saw movement’s motor throughout rebellion, played major role failure movement. process, presence influence has increased. high value for caused tribal leaders distance themselves him. Adnânî chieftains, wanted intervene before threat Mawali grew, organized coup attempt Mukhtar. With coup, take them old order However, abandoned opposition Mezhic tribe, also led Ibrahim al-Ashtar an-Nahaî. When refuge after failed attempt, provoked came face face, eliminated it proceed institutionalization stage. Just as share development rise Movement belongs mawali, decline elements’ discomfort nationalism century enter into anti-Umayyad movements. Knowing disturbed Arabist attitudes advantage opportunity developing discourses such “equality”, “justice” “protection oppressed” would pleasing ears. Due fierce need equated Arabs putting practice during two-year rule. Mawali’s approach “a tool offers live on equal Arabs.” uses achieve own political aims; used break shackles bondage. solidarity prevailed mutual “win & win” mentality does not make tireless defender rights, nor supporter Ali. relationship, parties have different expectations interests. other words, because sympathizer, but stepping stone united around raise status. injustices done made Ali; seen brought closer